Assessment of quality of life in patients with craniopharyngioma and identification of risk factors for compromised overall wellness

ABSTRACT Objective: Quality of Life (QoL) has been a multifactorial concerning issue in oncology. We aimed to inspect the pre-operative QoL among patients with craniopharyngioma and to explore the potential correlations between parameters of QoL and clinical indices. Subjects and methods: We enrolled a total of 109 patients with craniopharyngioma. We utilized Short Form 36 (SF-36), Symptom Check List-90, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire scale (GAD7), Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ9) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to prospectively evaluated their QoL. Parameters of QoL along with clinical indices were compared among sub-groups divided according to Puget classification. Correlation analyses and regression analyses were performed to detect influential determinants to self-reported wellness. Results: Patients presented impaired QoL compared with general population ( p < 0.001), as assessed by SF-36. Correlation analyses indicated the detrimental influence resulting from central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Multivariate linear regression unveiled the adverse effect of CDI on Mental Component Summary (coefficient = −13.869, p = 0.007), GAD7 total score (coefficient = 2.072, p = 0.049) as well as PHQ9 total score (coefficient = 3.721, p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression verified CDI as a risk factor of developing depressive symptoms (OR = 6.160, p = 0.001). Conclusion: QoL of patients with craniopharyngioma was remarkably compromised before operation. CDI exerted detrimental influences on patients' QoL and it might serve as a marker for early identification of patients at risk of depression.

Activation of renal outer medullary potassium channel in the renal distal convoluted tubule by high potassium diet / 生理学报

Renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channel is an important K+ excretion channel in the body, and K+ secreted by the ROMK channels is most or all source of urinary potassium. Previous studies focused on the ROMK channels of thick ascending limb (TAL) and collecting duct (CD), while there were few studies on the involvement of ROMK channels of the late distal convoluted tubule (DCT2) in K+ excretion. The purpose of the present study was mainly to record the ROMK channels current in renal DCT2 and observe the effect of high potassium diet on the ROMK channels by using single channel and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The results showed that a small conductance channel current with a conductance of 39 pS could be recorded in the apical membrane of renal DCT2, and it could be blocked by Tertiapin-Q (TPNQ), a ROMK channel inhibitor. The high potassium diet significantly increased the probability of ROMK channel current occurrence in the apical membrane of renal DCT2, and enhanced the activity of ROMK channel, compared to normal potassium diet (P < 0.01). Western blot results also demonstrated that the high potassium diet significantly up-regulated the protein expression levels of ROMK channels and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and down-regulated the protein expression level of Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC). Moreover, the high potassium diet significantly increased urinary potassium excretion. These results suggest that the high potassium diet may activate the ROMK channels in the apical membrane of renal DCT2 and increase the urinary potassium excretion by up-regulating the expression of renal ROMK channels.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia patients with the SET-NUP214 fusion gene: Efficacy and survival analysis / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for patients with acute leukemia who are positive for the SET-NUP214 fusion gene (SET-NUP214+AL). Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 18 patients with SET-NUP214+AL who received allo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Soochow Hongci Hematology Hospital from December 2014 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to investigate treatment efficacy and prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results: Of the 18 patients, 12 were male and 6 were female, and the median age was 29 years (range, 13-55 years). There were six cases of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (three cases of myeloid/T, two cases of B/T, one case of myeloid/B/T), nine cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (one case of B-ALL and eight cases of T-ALL), and three cases of acute myeloid leukemia. All patients received induction chemotherapy after diagnosis, and 17 patients achieved complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy. All patients subsequently received allo-HSCT. Pre-transplantation status: 15 patients were in the first CR, 1 patient was in the second CR, 1 was in partial remission, and 1 patient did not reach CR. All patients were successfully implanted with stem cells. The median time of granulocyte and platelet reconstitution was +12 and +13 days, respectively. With a median follow-up of 23 (4-80) months, 15 patients survived, while 3 patients died. The cause of death was recurrence of SET-NUP214+AL after transplantation. After allo-HSCT, 5 patients relapsed. The estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were 83.3%±15.2% and 55.4%±20.7%, respectively. Among the 15 patients who achieved CR before transplantation, there was no significant difference in OS and RFS between haploidentical HSCT and matched sibling donor HSCT (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Allo-HSCT can improve the prognosis and long-term survival rate of patients with SET-NUP214+AL. Disease recurrence is the most important factor affecting long-term survival.

Clinical efficacy of 1 064 nm/755 nm dual wavelength laser on hair removal / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 1 064 nm/755 nm dual wavelength laser on hair removal.Methods:A total of 60 patients aged 18-52 (30±7) years in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were collected. 1 064 nm and 755 nm laser hair removal was performed at the same symmetrical areas or two different areas in the same patient. We performed 6 sessions of laser treatment at 6-week intervals and the effect was evaluated 6 weeks after the last session.Results:The hair removal efficacy was 96.7% (58 cases) at 1 064 nm, 96.7% (58 cases) at 755 nm laser treatment. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between two wavelengths laser hair removal methods ( P>0.05). The incidence of pigmentation was 1.7% (1 case) at 1 064 nm laser and was 3.3% (2 cases) at 755 nm laser without significant difference ( P>0.05). No hypopigmentation, blister or scar appeared in all patients. The total satisfactory rate was 95.0% (57 cases) at 1 064 nm, 98.3% (59 cases) at 755 nm laser treatment, respectively. Conclusions:1 064 nm/755 nm dual wavelength laser has definite therapeutic effect and safety on hair removal.

Features of liver function in pediatric patients infected with Delta variant versus Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To summarize and analyze the features of liver function in pediatric patients infected with Delta variant versus Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods In this study, an analysis was performed for the liver function test results of the locally transmitted or imported pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during isolation who were admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, since May 21, 2021, and the clinical data and the constituent ratio of liver injury were compared between the pediatric patients infected with Delta variant and those infected with Omicron variant. The independent samples t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results A total of 85 pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled, among whom there were 32 (37.6%) pediatric patients infected with Delta variant and 53 (62.4%) pediatric patients infected with Omicron variant, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, body height, body weight, and comorbidities (all P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, albumin, and cholinesterase (all P > 0.05), and the pediatric patients infected with Omicron variant had a significantly higher level of total bile acid (TBA) than those infected with Delta variant ( Z =-2.336, P =0.020). However, the median values of TBA were within the normal range and the ratios of abnormal TBA were no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Among the 85 pediatric patients, 10 (11.8%) had a mild increase in liver function parameters, among whom 7 had an increase in TBA, 1 had an increase in ALT, 1 had increases in ALT and AST, and 1 had an increase in ALP. The analysis of liver injury in the pediatric patients infected with Delta variant or Omicron variant showed that there was no significant difference in the constituent ratio of liver injury caused by the two variants (6.3% vs 15.1%, χ 2 =0.691, P =0.406). Conclusion Mild liver injury is observed in pediatric patients infected with Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, but further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term influence of such infection on liver function.

Anatomy and measurement of the zygomatic ligaments / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To figure out the structure and relevant data measurements of zygomatic ligament by cadaver anatomy and review of previous studies.Methods:From July 2018 to January 2020, the zygomatic areas of 20 Chinese frozen fresh cadaver hemifaces were dissected in the Department of Anatomy, Health Science Center of Hangzhou Normal University. Then the structures of zygomatic ligaments were shown. The characters of the ligament and the relationship with adjacent tissue were described and measured. And 16 previous studies were reviewed to get a comprehensive description about the characters of zygomatic ligaments.Results:Zygomatic ligaments were even and dense fibrous tissue structures distributed vertically between the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. Under the SMAS plane, the ligaments divided into two bundles. The origin of major bundle located beyond the origin of the zygomatic major muscle on the periosteum, and the origin of minor bundle located between the origin of the zygomatic minor and major muscle.Conclusions:The anatomy of the zygomatic ligament has a regular pattern, and its anatomical data has certain directive significance for clinical application.

Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in hawthorn leaves from different sources / 药学学报

We identified and analyzed the components and chemical constituents of hawthorn leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. (wild) and C. pinnatifida Bge. var major N. E. Br (cultivated) by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MSE) combined with UNIFI data analysis platform and multivariate statistics. Fifty-eight chemical compounds were identified, including organic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoic acids, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids; among them, terpenoid content was the most abundant. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to identify the differential components of hawthorn leaves from two sources. The results show that there are differences in the chemical compositions of the two sources, including 24 flavonoids and terpenoids (including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoid acids). The types of flavonoids (such as rutin, vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside, isovitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside, hyperoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside) and terpenoids (crataegolic acid, corosolic acid and ursolic acid) in C. pinnatifida were more varied than those found in C. pinnatifida Bge. var major N. E. Br, and their contents were relatively higher. This study provides a comprehensively analysis of the different chemical components of hawthorn leaves from two sources listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and provides a basis for the selection of raw materials and the potential development and utilization of hawthorn leaves.

Terpenoids from leaves of Chinese hawthorn / 中国中药杂志

Fifteen compounds were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of leaves of Chinese hawthorn(Crataegus pinnatifida var. major) by various purification steps, and their structures were determined as 2α,3α,12β,19α,-tetrahydroxyursan-13β,28-olide(1),euscaphic acid(2), tormentic acid(3), ursolic acid(4), pomolic acid(5), corosolic acid(6), maslinic acid(7), linalyl rutinoside(8),(Z)-3-hexenyl β-D-glucoside(9),(3S, 6S)-cis-linalool-3,7-oxide-β-D-glucopyranoside(10), pisumionoside(11), icariside B6(12), byzantionoside B(13),(6R,7E,9R)-9-Hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(14) and(6S,7E,9R)-6,9-dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(15) mainly based on the mass spectrum(MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopic techniques, of which compound 1 was a new pentacyclic triterpene, and compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15 were isolated form this plant for the first time.

Value of reflex testing in clinical practice of laboratory medicine / 中华检验医学杂志

Reflex tests are ordered when a particular test result indicates that additional testing should be performed according to the guidelines or the feedback process formulated by clinical consultation. The application scope of the reflex tests involves various subspecialties of laboratory medicine. The clinical application needs the support of qualified laboratory doctors, comprehensive information and financial system, clinical guidelines, and so on. Active application of reflex tests can promote the standardization of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice, save medical resources, and shorten the diagnosis and treatment time of patients.

Influencing factors for prognosis of primary tracheal malignancy and establishment of nomogram model for predicting its overall survival based upon SEER database / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with primary tracheal malignancy, and establish a nomogram model for prediction its prognosis. Methods    A total of 557 patients diagnosed with primary tracheal malignancy from 1975 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data were collected. The factors affecting the overall survival rate of primary tracheal malignancy were screened and modeled by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The nomogram prediction model was performed by R 3.6.2 software. Using the C-index, calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the consistency and predictive ability of the nomogram prediction model. Results    The median survival time of 557 patients with primary tracheal malignancy was 21 months, and overall survival rates of the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year were 59.1%±2.1%, 42.5%±2.1%, and 35.4%±2.2%. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, histology, surgery, radiotherapy, tumor size, tumor extension and the range of lymph node involvement were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with primary tracheal malignancy (P<0.05). Based on the above 7 risk factors to establish the nomogram prediction model, the C-index was 0.775 (95%CI 0.751-0.799). The calibration curve showed that the prediction model established in this study had a good agreement with the actual survival rate of the 1 year, 3 year and 5 years. The area under curve of 1-year, 3-year and 5-year predicting overall survival rates was 0.837, 0.827 and 0.836, which showed that the model had a high predictive power. Conclusion    The nomogram prediction model established in this study has a good predictive ability, high discrimination and accuracy, and high clinical value. It is useful for the screening of high-risk groups and the formulation of personalized diagnosis and treatment plans, and can be used as an evaluation tool for prognostic monitoring of patients with primary tracheal malignancy.

Clinical study on improving the strength and activity of lumbar spine with Qiang Jin exercises / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of Qiang Jin exercises on the muscle strength and activity of lumbar spine in patients with lumbar disc herniation.@*METHODS@#From March 2016 to September 2017, at the Department of Orthopaedics, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a total of 110 subjects were enrolled, and 98 eligible subjects were screened. The subjects were randomized by stratified randomization and divided into experimental group and control group, 49 cases in each group, 25 males and 24 females in the experimental group, 25 males and 24 females in the control group. The experimental group exercised with Qiang Jin exercises, one time each morning and evening, each time10 sets were made;the control group used classic rehabilitation training, training twice a week, and three months was a course of treatment. After 12 weeks of training, the muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine were evaluated and compared with the muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine before training.@*RESULTS@#The experimental group and the control group had different muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine before and after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Qiang Jin exercises can effectively improve the muscle strength and activity of the lumbar spine and improve the daily living ability of patients.

Transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous intervention for treatment of atrial septal defect complicated with pulmonary valvular stenosis in children / 中华全科医师杂志

Clinical data of 23 children with atrial septal defect and pulmonary valvular stenosis admitted in Dalian Children′s Hospital during March 2015 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty patients were treated with percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect through femoral vein first, then transthoracic echocardiography-guided balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed; while 3 patients had no balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect. Patients were followed up by transthoracic echocardiography and all were doing well. The transvalvular pressure fell under 35 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) [(19.5±1.9)mmHg] in all patients, which was significantly lower than that before treatment [(62.0±7.8 mmHg)] (t=28.92, P<0.01). During follow-up, no residual shunt of atrial septal defect was found; and mild pulmonary regurgitation occurred in 3 cases. The study indicates that combined percutaneous treatment with transthoracic echocardiography guidance is effective and safe for children with atrial septal defect and pulmonary valvular stenosis. The pulmonary artery stenosis of some patients can be alleviated, after closuring of the atrial septal defect.

Imaging study of lumbosacral multifidus muscle fat changes in patients with lumbar disc herniation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the degeneration of lumbosacral multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation.@*METHODS@#Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was performed on the multifidus muscle of 35 healthy volunteers and 35 patients with unilateral L lumbar disc herniation. There were 20 males and 15 females in each group, aged from 25 to 55 years old. In healthy volunteers, the mean age was (35.66±8.73) years old and the BMI was (21.85±1.94) kg/m; in the patients, the mean age was (36.09±7.70) years old, the BMI was (21.50±1.78) kg/m, the VAS score was (4.40±0.88) points, the course of disease was (11.2±7.14) months. The proportion of fat in the L lumbosacral multifidus muscle and the proportion of fat-suppressed cross-sectional area were observed by MRI, the differences of the observation indexes of the two groups were compared through data analysis.@*RESULTS@#In healthy volunteers, the proportion of fat on the left side of the multifidus muscle was (0.169± 0.035)%, the proportion of fat removal cross-sectional area on the left side of the multifidus muscle was (0.699±0.070)%, the proportion of fat on the right side of the multifidus muscle was (0.168±0.031)%, and the proportion of fat removal cross-sectional area on the right side of the multifidus muscle was (0.712±0.056)%, there was no significant difference between the two sides (>0.05). In patients, the proportion of fat on the healthy side of multifidus muscles was (0.173±0.021)%, the proportion of fat removal cross-sectional area on the healthy side of multifidus muscles was (0.695±0.054)%, the proportion of fat on the affected side of the multifidus muscle was (0.228±0.027)%, and the proportion of fat removal cross-sectional area on the affected side of the multifidus muscle was (0.629±0.048)%, the differences of the above indexes on both sides were statistically significant (0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is degeneration of lumbosacral multifidus muscle on the affected side of patients with unilateral L intervertebral disc herniation, featuring multifidus muscular atrophy and fat infiltration.

A comparative study on the surface electromyography of lumbosacral multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the degeneration of lumbosacral multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation.@*METHODS@#Thirty-five healthy volunteers and 35 patients with unilateral L lumbar disc herniation from December 2015 to September 2017 were recruited. There were 20 males and 15 females in each group, aged from 25 to 55 years old. In healthy volunteers group, the mean age was (35.66±8.73) years old and the BMI was (21.85±1.94) kg /m. In patients with lumbar disc herniation, the mean age was (36.09±7.70) years old, the BMI was (21.50±1.78) kg /m, the VAS score was 4.40±0.88, the course of disease was (11.20±7.14) months. Surface electromyography analysis was performed on the multifidus muscle of the two groups. The average myoelectric amplitude of the multifidus muscle in the two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#The average myoelectric amplitude of the multifidus muscle of healthy volunteers was (48.84±7.77) µV on the left and (49.13±7.86) µV on the right. There was no significant difference between the two sides (>0.05). The average myoelectric amplitude of multifidus muscle in patients with lumbar disc herniation was(48.82±8.14) µV on the healthy side and (42.81±7.00) µV on the affected side, and the difference was statistically significant between two sides(0.05). There was significant difference in the average myoelectric amplitude of multifidus muscle between the affected side of lumbar disc herniation and on the left of healthy volunteers, and also between the affected side of lumbar disc herniation and on the right of healthy volunteers(<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with chronic lumbar disc herniation have an imbalance in myoelectric activity, and the muscle strength of the multifidus muscle on the affected side is significantly reduced.

Transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous intervention for treatment of atrial septal defect complicated with pulmonary valvular stenosis in children / 中华全科医师杂志

Clinical data of 23 children with atrial septal defect and pulmonary valvular stenosis admitted in Dalian Children′s Hospital during March 2015 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty patients were treated with percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect through femoral vein first, then transthoracic echocardiography-guided balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed; while 3 patients had no balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect. Patients were followed up by transthoracic echocardiography and all were doing well. The transvalvular pressure fell under 35 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) [(19.5±1.9)mmHg] in all patients, which was significantly lower than that before treatment [(62.0±7.8 mmHg)] ( t=28.92 , P<0.01). During follow-up, no residual shunt of atrial septal defect was found; and mild pulmonary regurgitation occurred in 3 cases. The study indicates that combined percutaneous treatment with transthoracic echocardiography guidance is effective and safe for children with atrial septal defect and pulmonary valvular stenosis. The pulmonary artery stenosis of some patients can be alleviated, after closuring of the atrial septal defect.

Correlation between galectin-3 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cellular immunity in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the correlation of galectin-3 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) load and cellular immunity of neutrophils and macrophages in the airway in children with refractory MP pneumonia (RMPP).@*METHODS@#A total of 64 children with RMPP who were hospitalized from January 2013 to January 2017 were enrolled. In addition to the conservative medical treatment, all the 64 children with RMPP were given bronchoalveolar lavage in the acute stage (5-7 days after admission) and 48 out of the 64 children were given bronchoalveolar lavage in the recovery stage (10-14 days after admission). Four milliliters of BALF of the affected lung lobe or segment were collected. ELISA was used to measure the level of galectin-3 in BALF supernatant. RT-PCR was used to measure MP load. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to measure the percentage of neutrophils and macrophages. Six children with bronchial foreign bodies were enrolled as the control group.@*RESULTS@#The RMPP group had a significantly higher level of galectin-3 in BALF in both the acute and recovery stages than the control group (P0.05). The RMPP group had a significantly higher MP load in BALF in both the acute and recovery stages than the control group (P<0.01), and the MP load in the acute stage was significantly higher than in the recovery stage (P<0.01). In the children with RMPP, galectin-3 level in BALF in the acute stage was positively correlated with MP load and the percentage of neutrophils (r=0.789 and 0.726 respectively; P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Galectin-3 is involved in the process of airway inflammation in children with RMPP, and the level of galectin-3 in BALF is positively correlated with MP load. RMPP is a cellular immune inflammatory lesion with the increase of neutrophils and the reduction in macrophages. Galectin-3 is closely associated with neutrophil chemotaxis and luminal infiltration in children with RMPP. MP load gradually decreases with the recovery from RMPP, but it is not completely eliminated by the immune system in the recovery stage. MP infection can increase the consumption of macrophages in children with RMPP.

Investigation on neutralizing antibody level of Japanese encephalitis virus in adults from Guizhou Province / 中华疾病控制杂志

@# Objective To investigate the level of neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in adults from Guizhou Province. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to collect 360 serum of healthy adults in 6 age groups of 3 cities (states) from May to June 2017. Neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus of healthy adults were detected by plaque reduction neutralization test. Results The positive rate of neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus was 55.28%, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) was 1 :17.52 in 360 subjects. The difference of the positive rates of neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus of adults in different genders(2=10.798, P=0.001) and in different incidence regions(2=6.090, P=0.048)was statistically significant(both P<0.05). The positive rate of different age groups was 45.00%-60.00%(2=4.236, P=0.516). The positive rate of Buyi nationality was the highest (79.17%). Conclusions The level of neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus of adults in Guizhou province is low, and there is a risk of epidemic encephalitis in adults.

Diffusion ranges in human cutaneous tissue of botulinum toxin with two different concentrations / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective The recommended concentration of botulinum toxin type A is 40 100 U/ml.This study observed diffusion areas of two different concentration (40 U/ml and 100 U/ml) of botulinum toxin type A with intradermal injection to provide data for clinical application.Methods Intradermal injections with two different concentrations of botulinum toxin type A were conducted in subjects' forearm,with each level 4 points,and 4U per point (40 U/ml as 0.1 ml,100 U/ml as 0.04 ml).Minor's tests were conducted in 2nd day,5th day,2nd week and every month between 1st to 9th month respectively.The anhidrosis areas were measured and then effects of both concentrations were compared.Results The round anhidrosis areas were found in 2nd day,reaching the maximum range nearly at 2nd week,and then gradually dimming from 6th month,and completely vanishing at 9th month.In different measured points,the definite anhidrosis areas of high concentration (100 u/ml) were 113,345,530,380,330,255,285,295 and 295 mm2 respectively,while the low concentration (40 u/ml) were 113,345,450,345,285,255,255,255 and 255 mm2 respectively.The results did not show significant difference.Conclusions Concentration and volume do not show significant influence on areas of sweat gland when botulinum toxin type A is injected intradermally in a certain dose.

Bloodletting of rabbit ear after hyaluronic acid embolization: an experimental study / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the safety and effect of bloodletting after hyaluronic acid embolization.Methods Rabbit ear auricle artery was chosen as a vascular model.After injection of hyaluronic acid,artery embolization was made.Rabbit ears were randomly divided into three groups,including bloodletting,hyaluronidase injection and untreated groups.We evaluated the effect through appearance observation and histological examination of the rabbit ears.Results During bloodletting,some points in acupuncture needles after extrusion appeared hyaluronic acid,some points even appeared massive hemorrhage and hematoma,but most points did not present any change.The histological examination showed the auricle artery was still full of hyaluronic acid,and the surrounding tissues showed necrosis after bloodletting.Long-term observation showed,after 12 days,all rabbits were alive,all of three groups presented scabby necrosis on the edge of ear.Scabby necrosis area ranked from large to small in untreated group (33.6 ％),bloodletting group (22.0％) and hyaluronidase injection group (12.6％) (t=0.013,P＜0.05);there was a statistical difference between the later two groups.At the same time,80％ of rabbit ears after bloodletting showed obvious color sink,infection or congestion.Conclusions After embolization of the hyaluronic acid artery,bloodletting is not as effective as hyaluronidase,and it would cause the adverse changes of local tissues.

Clinical efficacy of "flexible suspension technique" in double-eyelid blepharoplasty / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective The mechanism of traditional double-eyelid blepharoplasty is adhering skin to tarsus,by which the skin below the incision could be elevated along with the tarsus and produce the crease.But the anatomic basis of native double-eyelids is not the same,which depends on the connection of levator aponeuroses with muscle and skin.That is,the elevations of tarsus and skin is based on the different branches of levator aponeuroses to skin.According to this,the authors have developed a modified blepharoplasty suturing levator aponeuroses to the obicularis occuli muscle to mimic the native double eyelid.Methods The surgical procedures were modified from traditional surgery.The major improvements were:keeping obicularis occuli muscles intact,dissecting the levator aponeuroses and suturing them together.Since the suturing was performed between mobilized tissues of muscle and aponeurosis,the method was named as "flexible suspension technique".Five-hundred patients were performed with this method.Forty cases randomly selected from them were compared with 40 cases performed with traditional method,and the results were investigated using questionnaire survey.Results The results of the modified surgery were more natural than traditional technique.Majority of patients were satisfactory,whereas 15 cases (3％) had asymmetry,narrowing and even fold loss.All these 15 cases were puffy eyelids.Statistical results indicated that the satisfaction rate was significantly high (P =0.003),and the adverse effects (edema,bruise and scar) were significantly lighter than traditional technique;whereas the asymmetry and fold loss were higher than traditional technique.Conclusions The flexible suspension technique of blepharoplasty can obtain more natural double eyelid appearance,and is suitable for primary blepharoplasty but not applicable for severe puffy eyelids.